The artificial retina, created by scientists from Yonsei University and the Institute of Basic Science, consists of two main components: a phototransistor array and three-dimensional liquid metal electrodes. The phototransistor array is an array of tiny light-sensitive devices that respond to near-infrared light and convert it into electrical signals.
Liquid metal electrodes transmit signals to specialized retinal ganglion cells, which are more resistant to degeneration and therefore may still be able to transmit visual information to the brain. The liquid metal ensures gentle contact with biological tissue, improving signal transmission and minimizing cellular damage. The device requires no external power source—it works by converting light directly into electrical impulses.
In experiments on retinal tissue and living blind mice, the device demonstrated biocompatibility and no harmful side effects. Recordings of cortical activity and behavioral tests confirmed that the blind mice's ability to perceive light was partially restored.
Researchers emphasize that the artificial retina can create a "new infrared visual channel" in patients with photoreceptor degeneration without weakening the existing natural visual channel, writes Techxplore. Although the subjective perception of infrared stimuli is unknown and requires further research, the new method offers the potential not only to restore lost vision but also to expand the sensory capabilities of healthy individuals.
Last year, South Korean scientists presented an experimental vision restoration drug that demonstrated impressive results in preclinical models. This is the first successful long-term regeneration in the mammalian retina, opening up exciting prospects for future human treatments.
