Most complex organs in the human body require a comprehensive vascular system for proper functioning. This system is especially important in the penis. For an erection, blood must fill the corpora cavernosa and be retained, ensuring rigidity.
The team created a hydrogel model consisting of the corpora cavernosa, corpus spongiosum, and tunica albuginea. This allowed them to study key aspects of penile function and its vascular system without experimenting on humans or animals. The model was developed for research into erectile dysfunction and Peyronie's disease, in which scar tissue causes painful erections and curvature. It simulates the filling of the corpora cavernosa with blood, helping to understand the mechanisms of these diseases.
To test the model's performance, the researchers created an improved version, adding endothelial cells, which line blood vessels. This artificial tissue was implanted in rabbits and pigs with vascular defects of the penis.
After a few weeks, the animals regained erectile function and reproduced without problems.
These results demonstrate the potential of the biomimetic corpus cavernosum for the treatment of penile injuries and advance the clinical application of 3D-printed artificial tissues and organs.
