The new probe targets the CD45 biomarker, which is actively expressed on all immune cells but absent from other cell types. The scientists targeted immune cells because they trigger inflammation in the body, for example, in response to a virus or bacteria. Acute inflammation can help manage the problem, but if it becomes chronic, it increases the risk of developing many diseases, from diabetes to cancer.
Researchers tested the new probe in animal models and obtained remarkably clear images demonstrating inflammation in internal organs, according to the Dana Farber Institute website. For example, they obtained detailed visualization of the colon in a model of intestinal inflammation, as well as the lungs in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Furthermore, the scientists were able to detect early signs of the common graft-versus-host disease—immune rejection after bone marrow transplantation.
The clinical trial phase is still ahead, but it has already been confirmed that human cells in the mice's bodies are clearly visible with the new probe.
"Currently, there are no non-invasive tools for reliably and accurately identifying inflammatory lesions in the body. CD45-PET is the first to do this throughout the body with high accuracy and sensitivity," the authors concluded.
Advanced PET scanning could become an important screening tool for many people, especially after COVID-19. Scientists recently discovered that the coronavirus triggers long-term inflammation in the body, from the brainstem to the gut.
