The study focused on the hippocampus, a brain region responsible for memory and learning. Scientists analyzed the effects of aerobic exercise on three key markers of Alzheimer's disease: amyloid plaques, tau formation, and iron accumulation in myelin-producing cells called oligodendrocytes. These changes are the main hallmarks of the neurodegenerative process.
An experiment conducted on rodents found that animals that regularly performed aerobic exercise experienced a significant reduction in pathological changes. Specifically, the number of tau plaques decreased by 63%, amyloid plaques by 76%, and iron accumulation in the brain decreased by 58%.
These results indicate a powerful neuroprotective effect of aerobic exercise.
Furthermore, the physical activity group showed improvements in brain cell health. The number of protective oligodendrocytes increased, and brain inflammation decreased by 55-68%, depending on the type of inflammatory marker. Increased neuronal activity and improved connectivity were also observed, which contributed to the restoration of normal brain function.
Dr. Augusto Coppi, a senior lecturer at the University of Bristol, noted: "Alzheimer's disease is a progressive condition with no effective treatment, and physical activity is currently one of the few available ways to slow cognitive decline. Our study shows that aerobic exercise may be an important element in the prevention and treatment of this disease."
Scientists argue that regular aerobic exercise may play a key role in preventing or slowing the progression of Alzheimer's disease. They urge public health initiatives to focus on creating programs specifically designed for older adults to help reduce the risk of neurodegenerative diseases.
The next stage of research is human clinical trials to confirm the effectiveness of aerobic exercise in slowing the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, the scientists plan to develop drugs that target metabolism.
